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Depression during pregnancy and after birth: EPDS

Ten questions about how you have felt over the past 7 days, for pregnant women and women who gave birth within the last year. One question asks about thoughts of self-harm. You may stop at any time.

Method and research sources

What EPDS measures

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale by Cox, Holden and Sagovsky (1987) is a ten-item screen for depression after childbirth that is also used during pregnancy. It covers mood, enjoyment, self-blame, anxiety, coping, sleep problems caused by unhappiness, crying and thoughts of self-harm.

How scoring works

Each question has its own four answers scored 0–3; questions 3 and 5–10 are scored in reverse order to how the answers are listed. The total is 0–30: 0–10 is below the threshold, 11–12 indicates possible depressive symptoms, 13–30 probable marked symptoms. Any answer above zero to question 10 shows a safety notice regardless of the total.

Method and sources

The original publication, the meta-analysis behind the threshold of 11 and the Russian validation study are listed below.

  1. Original publication1987
  2. Scientific review2020
  3. Validation study2018

Materials are chosen by the topic of mood during pregnancy and after birth, not by your answers or score.

Questions about EPDS

When is the right time to take EPDS?

During pregnancy and in the first year after birth, most often 6–8 weeks postpartum. It is reasonable to repeat it in two weeks if your mood is unstable.

Is a high score my fault?

No. Perinatal depression is common, is not a sign of being a bad mother and responds well to treatment and support.