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Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)

Ten statements about your general attitude toward yourself, your qualities, and your sense of worth. It is a self-reflection tool, not a diagnosis.

Method and research sources

What RSES measures

The Rosenberg scale measures global self-esteem: a person's broadly positive or negative attitude toward themselves. It does not measure a specific skill, attractiveness, success, or human worth.

How scoring works

Each answer contributes 0 to 3 points. Five positively worded statements are scored directly and five negatively worded statements are reversed, then all points are summed. The possible score is 0 to 30.

Method and sources

We list the official scale and scoring page, the original publication, and studies of the Russian and Ukrainian language versions.

  1. Official page
    Using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale

    University of Maryland Department of Sociology

    2026
  2. Original publication1965
  3. Language adaptation2020
  4. Language adaptation
    Україномовна адаптація шкали самооцінки Розенберга

    Олена Вельдбрехт, Надія Зінченко, Наталія Тавровецька

    2025

Resources and listings are selected by the self-esteem topic, not by your answers or score.

Questions about the Rosenberg scale

Does RSES diagnose anything?

No. The scale describes a general attitude toward oneself and is not designed to make a psychiatric or psychological diagnosis.

What score counts as low?

The official method does not set one universal diagnostic threshold for everyone. It is more useful to interpret a score in context or compare it with your own earlier result.

Why are some statements scored in reverse?

Five items are worded negatively. Their values are reversed so that a higher total consistently reflects a more positive attitude toward oneself.